澳門近十年後期中等職業技術教育政策的變革與挑戰   免費試閱

The Reforms and Challenges of the Vocational and Technological Education Policies for the Upper- Secondary Education in Macau in the Last Decade

澳門教育在葡萄牙殖民期間，其發展較鄰近國家緩慢；回歸中國後，在博彩產業帶動下，成為亞洲經濟成長最快速的地區之一；惟博彩業雖吸納眾多就業人口，但對其他產業卻產生排擠效應，限縮就業類別，導致年輕人無法適性發展，降低學生就讀技職教育的意願，對澳門技職教育之發展造成不利影響。為改善此困境，近年來，澳門特區政府提出「教育興澳」方針，積極挹注職業及技術教育經費，以期將技職教育提升至戰略地位。本研究以文件分析法為主，輔以深度訪談及開放式問卷，針對澳門職業技術教育現況與問題進行探討，分析近10年與職業技術教育改革相關法案與措施，並進一步剖析面臨的挑戰與改革成效。綜整相關資料，本文對澳門職業技術教育發展提出下列建議：優化教育資源提升職業技術教育地位、制定技職課程標準發展多元課程、強化師資培育與教材開發能力、改善評鑑機制確保技職教育品質等。並於文末點出可供澳門與我國技職教育政策規劃相互借鏡之啟示，例如：提供多元適性課程，避免因強勢產業引導犠牲學生多元發展機會；透過補助，有效鼓勵學生自主學習實務技能；提供充分的實習機會，實踐技職教育務實致用精神。

Macau’s education system developed slower than nearby countries during the period of Portuguese colony. After handover to China, the gambling industry has driven Macau’s economy to grow fast in Asia. It offers numerous job opportunities and attracts a majority of workforce, while at the same time it has crowded out other business and limited the possibility for diverse employment. To that end, young people are unable to experience adaptive learning, which decreases their willingness to attend vocational and technological education (VTE). To improve this dilemma, Macau has proposed the “Education Prospering Macau” policy and invested large amounts of funding for VTE. This study conducted document analysis, in-depth interviews and open-ended questionnaires to understand the current situation and problems of VTE in Macau. We also probed into the educational reforms and evaluated its effectiveness. Based on the results, suggestions for VET development in Macau were generated, including well allocating funding to promote VET status, developing VET curriculum standards for multiple courses, strengthening teacher training, and improving evaluation mechanism. Implications for Taiwan were raised, like being aware of the influence of industry on course diversity, guiding students to learn practical skills via funding support, and providing adequate internship opportunities.