技專校院的悲歌？論大學學測後入學管道對技專校院之影響

Impact of Post-GSAT Admission Pathways on Vocational and Technological Colleges

本研究旨在探討大學學測後多元入學管道對技專校院招生之影響，尤其是高職學生以大學學測成績申請一般大學的趨勢及其對技專校院的衝擊，並提出對教育部、技專校院入學測驗中心、技專校院及招生聯合會可檢討改善之建議。文獻回顧指出，自大學多元入學方案實施以來，技專校院的入學管道設計在新自由主義政策下，面臨教育機會不均等的挑戰，且在資源競爭中逐漸邊緣化，招生困難加劇。本研究以文件分析法及比較研究法，系統性地審視大學學測與技專校院統測後，兩大招生聯合會在各入學管道報名資格、成績採計與名額流用等方面的規定，並比較高職生與高中生的入學機會差異。研究結果顯示，技專校院因招生制度設計不利，在吸引學生報考方面處於不利地位，並加速其規模萎縮。基於此，本研究提出四項建議：一、開放高中應屆畢業生報考技專校院統測；二、重新評估技專校院入學管道報名資格的限制；三、建議教育部落實大學招生自主，讓學生依其能力與性向選擇適合的校系；四、讓技職教育更受到家長和學生的認識及重視。

This study aims to investigate the impact of the University Multiple Entrance Program following the General Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT) on the enrollment of vocational and technological colleges in Taiwan, particularly focusing on the trend of vocational high school students applying to general universities using their GSAT scores and its impact on vocational and technological colleges. The study also offers recommendations for the Ministry of Education, the Vocational and Technological College Entrance Exam Center, vocational and technological colleges, and the Joint Admissions Committee. The literature review highlights that, since the implementation of the University Multiple Entrance Program, the admission pathways of vocational and technological colleges have faced challenges under neoliberal policies, such as inequality in educational opportunities, marginalization due to resource competition, and increasing enrollment difficulties. Through document analysis and comparative research methods, this study systematically examined the regulations of the two major admissions committees regarding admission criteria, score calculation, and quota allocation after the GSAT and the vocational entrance exam, while also comparing the differences in admission opportunities between vocational high school and general high school students. The results reveal that vocational and technological colleges are at a disadvantage in attracting students due to the design of their admissions systems, which has accelerated their decline in scale. Based on these findings, this study makes four recommendations: 1. allowing high school graduates to take the unified entrance exam for vocational and technological colleges; 2. reassessing the restrictions on admission criteria for vocational and technological colleges; 3. recommending that the Ministry of Education implement university admission autonomy, enabling students to select programs based on their abilities and interests; and 4. promoting the recognition, importance and value of vocational and technological education among parents and students.