資賦優異教育中的卓越與公平之探究

Exploration of Excellence and Equity in Education for Exceptional Talent

卓越與公平是學校教育的重要價值，但往往被視為對立。本文立基於PISA 2015的結果報告，認為「既卓越又公平」、「透過公平追求卓越」是可能的，聚焦資賦優異教育，首先從其起源與發展闡釋有關「卓越」的爭議，其次從其實施與現況討論有關「公平」的爭議，最後從其政策制定與修正尋求兼顧卓越與公平之啟示。本文主張從「誰需要進階服務？」轉移到「誰需要進階服務卻尚未取得服務？」，讓更多學生，尤其是低代表性資優生，為進階學習做好準備，且所提供的資優教育方案必須涵蓋社會與情緒的支持，教育工作者責無旁貸。

Excellence and equity are important values in school education, but they are often seen as opposites. Based on the results of the PISA 2015 report, this paper argues that “both excellence and equity” and “pursuing excellence through equity” are possible. Focusing on gifted education, this paper first explains the controversies surrounding “excellence” from its origins and development. It then discusses the controversies regarding “equity” in its implementation and current status. Finally, it seeks insights from policy formulation and revision to balance both excellence and equity. This paper advocates shifting from “Who needs advanced services?” to “Who needs advanced services but has not yet received them?” to prepare more students, especially underrepresented gifted students, for advanced learning. Furthermore, the gifted education programs provided must include social and emotional support, which is the responsibility of educators.