國家發展之研究：以聯合國永續發展的六個目標為主及優質教育的貢獻

Research on National Development: Taking the Six Goals of Sustainable Development of the United Nations as an Example and the Contribution of Quality Education

2015年聯合國提出17項「2030永續發展目標」，成為各國發展參考準據，然而，我們對於這些目標的實質發展普遍知之甚少。本研究選取永續發展的六個目標，對155個國家（包括臺灣）的永續發展指數建構、排名與分類進行分析，並瞭解優質教育對永續發展目標的影響，研究顯示：一、愈先進的國家，國家永續發展指數排在愈前面，落後及開發中國家則排在後面，在六個國家永續發展目標重要性依次為優質教育，工業化、創新及基礎建設，合適的工作及經濟成長，健康與福祉，性別平權，和平、正義及健全制度。二、國家永續發展排名前五名為丹麥、瑞典、美國、澳洲、挪威；最後五名為賴索托、剛果民主共和國、莫三比克、尼日、查德。三、所建構的國家永續發展指數具有穩定性，可將155個國家分為高度、中度及低度永續發展三類，各有42個、76個、37個國家，分類準確度為97.80%。四、教育愈優質的國家，在五個永續發展目標有愈好的表現，尤其對於工業化、創新及基礎建設最具影響力。五、臺灣的國家永續發展排名21，被分為高度永續發展國家，其中，優質教育排名14，合適的工作及經濟成長排名44以及工業化、創新及基礎建設排名47較為不理想，是未來臺灣應努力的方向。

In 2015, the United Nations proposed 17 “Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda” that have become a reference for development in many countries. However, little is known about the actual development of these goals. This study selected six sustainable development goals to construct, rank and classify the sustainable development index of 155 countries, including Taiwan, and investigated the impact of Quality Education on the goals of sustainable development. The five major findings are: 1. The more advanced a country is, the higher its national sustainable development index is ranked, while backward and developing countries are ranked lower. In terms of importance, the six national sustainable development goals are in descending order of Quality Education, Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Good Health and Well-Being, Gender Equality, and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. 2. The top five countries in terms of sustainable development are Denmark, Sweden, the United States, Australia, and Norway; the bottom five are Lesotho, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Niger, and Chad. 3. The constructed national sustainable development index is stable and can classify the 155 countries into 42, 76 and 37 countries with high, medium and low levels of sustainable development respectively, with a classification accuracy of 97.80%. 4. Countries with better Quality Education perform better in the other five sustainable development goals, especially in Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. 5. Taiwan’s national sustainable development ranking is 21st, and it is classified as a highly sustainable development country. Among the goals, Quality Education ranks 14th. What is less satisfactory is that Decent Work and Economic Growth ranks 44th and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure ranks 47th. This is what Taiwan should strive for in the future.