國小高年級生關懷與正義兩難情境道德判斷之研究

Moral Judgments in Elementary Students: Care Versus Justice Dilemmas

正義道德強調平等性及公平性;而關懷道德強調人際中特殊關係脈絡,及親疏遠近的區別。本研究的目的在使用自編的「國小高年級生關懷與正義兩難情境之道德判斷量表」,來瞭解國小生在關懷與正義道德衝突情境的道德判斷傾向,並研究個人因親疏遠近的不同所做的道德判斷反應差異,並探討重要背景變項與正義和關懷取向的關聯性。由 390 位受試者的資料顯示國小生在量表上的整體表現傾向於正義思維取向,量表透過因素分析得到三個主要因素;受試者會因為不同的親疏遠近對象、不同的情境而產生顯著反應差異,由好朋友至不熟的朋友,平均分數逐次降低。有顯著影響的重要背景變項為學校規模與學校地區。

 

Justice-oriented moral reasoning emphasizes equality and fairness, whereas care ethics focus on specific interpersonal relationships. The present study explored the psychometric properties of a scale designed to measure care versus justice dilemmas and to evaluate the prevailing tendencies in moral judgment among elementary students. Additionally, the study considered the effects of intimacy distance and situational factors on moral judgment, and it investigated the association between key background variables and moral reasoning. The study included 390 participants. Generally, the students’ responses on the scale tended toward justice-oriented moral reasoning. Factor analysis of the scale revealed three factors. As the degree of intimacy shifted from close friends to strangers, the mean scores on the scale decreased significantly. Significant variations were also observed in mean scores across different situations. Background variables, such asthe size and geographical location of the schools exerted a significant influence on moral reasoning.