臺灣父母教養觀與教養行為之關聯

Associations Between Parents’ Child-Rearing Ideologies and Parenting Practices in Taiwan

本研究目的主要探討臺灣父母教養觀與教養行為的關聯。研究者提出「共生觀」和「對等觀」之教養觀，以「父母情感」和「父母控制」為架構，提出「適度」和「不適度」教養行為。預試研究有效樣本，86位父親，332位母親。探索性因素分析結果顯示，教養行為可區分為「適度情權」、「親權主張」與「情感為重」。正式研究有效樣本，339位父親，633位母親。研究結果如下：一、驗證性因素分析顯示，教養觀與教養行為所涵蓋的面向與本研究預設相符，編製的教養觀與教養行為量表皆具有不錯的信度與效度；二、教養觀對教養行為影響之模式具有良好的適配度，且符合跨群組性別恆等性；三、無論父親或母親，教養觀愈具有「共生觀」，教養行為愈常採用「親權主張」，愈少採用「適度情權」；父母愈具有「對等觀」，較常採用「適度情權」，但父母的「對等觀」與採用「親權主張」二者無顯著關聯。此外，當父親愈具有「共生觀」，較常採用「情感為重」，但在母親樣本中，則無此關聯。本研究結果可提供實務工作者作為參考，協助父母釐清其教養觀，促進父母「適度情權」教養行為。

The purpose of this study was to explore associations between parents’ childrearing ideologies and parenting practices. Two dimensions were considered as core features of child-rearing ideologies. They were “enmeshment” versus “equality” between parents and children. Parenting practices were identified as “adequate” and “inadequate” parenting practices, based on two dimensions of “parental affection” and “parental control.” The pilot study included the data from 86 fathers and 332 mothers. In the exploratory factor analysis, three dimensions were identified to reflect the features of parenting practices: “adequate affection and control” (adequate parenting practices), and “coercive control” and “excessive affection” (inadequate parenting practices). Data of the present study were from a sample of 339 fathers and 633 mothers. The results showed ，first of all, the models tested in the confirmatory factor analyses reflected proposed dimensions for child-rearing ideologies and parenting practices. The scales of these two constructs attained an adequate degree of reliability and validity. Secondly, the theoretical model proposed here were a good fit to the data and the structure was largely invariant across gender. Finally. fathers and mothers who held a stronger ideology of enmeshment were more likely to use “coercive control” and less likely to use “adequate affection and control” parenting practices. Parents who held a stronger ideology of equality were likely to use “adequate affection and control” parenting practices. However, ideology of equality had no effect on “coercive control” parenting practice. Furthermore, the stronger fathers held ideology of enmeshment, the more “excessive affection” parenting practices they used. For mothers, there was no significant correlation between ideology of enmeshment and “excessive affection” parenting practices. The findings may help family practitioners assist parents in clarifying their child-rearing ideologies and promote “adequate affection and control” parenting practices.