日存漢籍所引類書研究——以《太平御覽》為媒介素材

A Study of Leishu in Japan: Taipingyulan as a Research Reference

類書是古代知識傳播的重要媒介，對東亞漢文學與文化的傳播有相當深遠的影響。類書以門類分別各種古籍史料，並標記出典的編修形式，方便使用者檢索，具有百科全書的功能，同時對古籍的保存有著極高的貢獻。傳日類書中，以《修文殿御覽》、《藝文類聚》、《太平御覽》三部書的影響最為深遠。北宋初年編修之《太平御覽》其藍本為北齊的《修文殿御覽》，而《修文殿御覽》之藍本為南朝梁的《華林遍略》，《修文殿御覽》及《華林遍略》皆已散失，其詞條的輯佚常透過《太平御覽》來進行比對。

本研究擬以《太平御覽》為主要媒介素材，調查並蒐集《令集解》、《政事要略》和《典言》書中《修文殿御覽》或《華林遍略》的佚文。經調查後可知，《令集解》、《政事要略》、《典言》使用了源自《華林遍略》直系藍本的諸類書，而《政事要略》除了三處標記《修文殿御覽》的詞條外，仍有使用《修文殿御覽》或《華林遍略》的情形存在，但因間接引用的緣故，有許多詞條未標記來源的類書被忽略。因此，透過本研究的考察，可彙整出相關類書詞條的引用概況，對至今《華林遍略》、《修文殿御覽》的輯佚以及影響層面的研究帶來新一步的進展。

Leishu (類書) played a crucial role in spreading knowledge during ancient times and greatly influenced the dissemination of Chinese literature and culture throughout East Asia. Leishu function as encyclopedias; their categorized literature and historical information provide reader friendly references and access to numerous preserved ancient scripts. Frequently employed in Japan during the Cyusei period, Xiuwendianyulan (《修文殿御覽》), Yiwenleiju (《藝文類聚》), and Taipingyulan (《太平御覽》) had a considerable influence on Japanese literature. Taipingyulan, which was compiled during the Northern Song dynasty, is based on Xiuwendianyulan of the Northern Qi dynasty. Furthermore, Xiuwendianyulan is based on Hualinpianlue (《華林遍略》) of the Liang dynasty. Taipingyulan contains fractions of the long-lost Hualinpianlue and Xiuwendianyulan texts.

By comparing Ryounosyuuge (《令集解》), Seijiyouryaku (《政事要略》), and Dianyan (《典言》) with Taipingyulan, this study aimed to retrieve the previously undiscovered texts of Hualinpianlue and Xiuwendianyulan. A basic investigation revealed that Ryounosyuuge, Seijiyouryaku, and Dianyan are based on the encyclopedias of Hualinpianlue; however, no studies have investigated this text. Three quoted entries from Xiuwendianyulan and Seijiyouryaku reveal patterns and notes similar to those found in Hualinpianlue and Xiuwendianyulan; however, explicit quotes from these two long-lost texts are unavailable. By compiling quotes from the closely related Taipingyulan, this study leads an investigation into its influence on the lost works of Hualinpianlue and Xiuwendianyulan.