計畫經濟與市場經濟對臺灣高等教育人力培育與運用之檢視

An Inspected for the Manpower Utilization Through Higher Education in Taiwan Influenced by Planning Economy and Market Economy

本文在探討計畫經濟與市場經濟對臺灣高等教育人力培育與運用之關聯性。在1985年代以前，高等教育發展較偏向於計畫經濟，其結果造成激烈的升學競爭，扭曲了後期中等教育的功能。1996年行政院《教育改革總諮議報告書》建言運用市場經濟的概念，將大學鬆綁、解除管制，採取市場機能，擴充高等教育機構，致使新設私立大學院校在短短數年內驟增，但卻又面臨少子化的來臨，造成新設大學生員不足，面臨退場的困境。相對地，由於大學擴增過速，也造成人力低度運用的現象，大專畢業生自1980年代，即呈現出失業率偏高，才用不符的情形，迄今並未獲得改善。基此，本文提出七個值得探討的問題，以釐清計畫經濟與市場經濟對高等教育人才培育與運用的影響。

This paper aims to explore the connection between planning economy/market economy and the training and employment of the manpower utilization through higher education in Taiwan. It is found that before 1985, the development of higher education was more biased towards planning economy. The government controlled the increase of numbers colleges, departments and enrollment. The result was fierce competition for higher education, which distorted the functions of higher education. In the 1990s—especially due to the 1996 Consultants’ Concluding Report on Education Reform, which proposed deregulation on colleges, adoption of market functions and expansion of higher education institutions—there was a sudden increase in the number of new private colleges in just a few years. However, they were soon hit hard by plummeting birthrates and the result was enrollment shortfalls, which in turn created the problem of colleges shutting down. Another problem was the underused college-trained manpower owing to the quick expansion of colleges. Beginning in the 1980s, college graduates were faced with high unemployment rates and serious discrepancy between training and employment. Since 1996, the problems have become more serious. In the past 20 years, the situation didn’t improve. Therefore, this paper proposes six issues worthy of discussion to clarify the influence of planning economy and market economy on the training and employment of higher education manpower. Finally, there are five conclusions and suggestions for education authorities, higher education institutions, the industry and students.