臺灣實驗教育政策的實施與討論度分析──文字探勘之應用

A Study of Experimental Education Policy and Its Analysis of the Degree of Discussion in Taiwan: Application of Text Mining

本研究以2014年實驗教育三法公布以來之學術文本為分析資料，蒐集期刊與博碩士論文，按照年分的差異將文本分為2014年至2020年七個年分的相關文檔，進行文字探勘，運用「詞頻－逆向檔案頻率」（TF-IDF）進行統計分析，並以潛在狄利克雷分配（LDA）建立主題模型，用以探討實驗教育政策實施以來，七個年分文檔所提取出之各10個主題中，每年主題探討之議題的差異與趨勢分析。獲得結論如下：一、實驗教育政策發展趨勢大致分為三個時期：（一）政策初期探討理念至法規面（2014～2016年），（二）政策中期探討特色課程與合作（2017～2018年），（三）政策後期較多政策與措施面（2019～2020年）；二、實驗教育議題方向與相關重點如下：（一）課程與教學層面：由強調圖像與理念轉向注重創新特色並與時下之素養以及全人教育議題銜接，但大多數的議題仍圍繞在課程與教學，使得課程與行政層面之議題數量有明顯差異，（二）行政與制度層面：在制度中教育階段延伸至探討高教層面並引入社會合作的概念，而在法規探討較集中於特定年分以及政策面議題分散在特定年分的文本中且討論度低，因此使得行政面議題明顯較少，（三）特殊議題層面：關心教育現場與國際實例連結，在地層面則注重原住民與偏鄉連結，但特色課程與創新教學討論元素較少，因此特殊議題仍只有原住民、混齡、華德福與耶拿等幾個議題。

This study examined the implementation and outcomes of the experimental education act passed in Taiwan in 2014. Data was obtained for the subsequent seven years using data mining methods focusing on journal articles and the master’s theses. Term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) was used for statistical analysis and latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) was used to establish topic models aimed at characterizing trends in the ten extracted themes. Policy on this topic can be roughly divided into three periods: 2014 to 2016 (initial analysis of policy and regulatory issues); 2017-2018 (course and partnership development), and 2019-2020 (wide-scale revisions). The focus of experimental education appears to have shifted from images/ideas to technological innovations and broader education-related issues (e.g., literacy and all around education). We observed a notable focus on curriculum and teaching methods over administrative issues. At the administrative/institutional level, much of the research addressed higher education and issues pertaining to social cooperation. Note that few administrative issues were addressed explicitly, except to note annual changes in policy. A number of researchers addressed issues pertaining to indigenous populations and education in rural areas; however, little of this research addressed featured courses or innovative teaching techniques.