翻譯金庸：武俠小說特色與讀者接受度間的平衡，以《射鵰英雄傳》為例

Translating Jin Yong: Balancing between Martial Arts Fiction’s Uniqueness and Readers’ Acceptance, Using Shediao Yingxiong Zhuan as an Example

金庸作品含有大量不存在於西方概念的文化詞──中華文化、歷史、武術、儒釋道思想交織其中。經分析《射鵰英雄傳（一）》中的人名、外號和功夫招式的英譯後，發現譯者選用策略並無明顯模式，策略不一致尤其造成姓名順序混亂。唯一明確的兩個規律是：一、譯者傾向使用貼近原著的翻譯策略，包括音譯、直譯及語義翻譯，大量保留原文文化特色及語言形式。二、對於歷史人物或含有典故的人名多採用音譯，少數人名添加直譯於其後。另外，本研究發現一項值得關注的新策略：「特色刻畫」，主要用來翻譯人名，複製金庸塑造的人物形象，屬於以讀者為中心的策略。本研究歸納出特色刻畫的類型，能作為往後研究或翻譯的基礎，協助譯者加以應用於文化詞翻譯。

 

The expressions in Jin Yong’s works feature culture-loaded terms and concepts mostly absent in Western culture: traditional Chinese culture, historical circumstances, martial arts, and Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. After analyzing names of characters, nicknames, and names of fighting moves in A Hero Born: Legends of the Condor Heroes I, the present study found few patterns of translation strategy. The strategy inconsistency especially made the translated name order varied. Only two patterns were certain: 1) The translator tended to use author-oriented methods, including transliteration, literal translation, and semantic translation, largely preserving the culture and language form of the source text. 2) Names of historical figures or with allusion were transliterated, a few of which were followed by literal translation. A noteworthy new strategy characterization identified by this study was mainly adopted in translating names of characters. This reader-oriented method attempted to replicate the characters’ images portrayed by Jin Yong. The present study has deduced types of characterization to which future research or translation may refer to in applying translation strategies for culture-loaded terms.