海峽兩岸特殊教育的演進、特色與展望

Evolution, Features, and Perspectives of Special Education of the Two-Side across the Taiwan Strait

本文就海峽兩岸特殊教育的演進與特色進行解析，並就特殊教育的未來，指出兩岸共同面對的挑戰和發展的課題。比較兩岸特殊教育現代化的過程，臺灣地區起步較早，服務對象兼及身心障礙和資賦優異，多年來施行「多元化安置，逐步朝向融合」的路線，有濃厚統合式安置的取向；中國大陸特殊教育基礎較為薄弱，且僅以殘障（殘疾）學生為法定服務對象，近年則加強力道、加速發展，形成以特教學校為骨幹、以普通學校隨班就讀為主體、以附設特教班及「送教上門」（在家教育）為輔助的教育格局，別具特色。兩岸皆邁向普及化和優質化的目標，皆處於歷史上的轉捩點，蓄勢準備再出發。針對未來的挑戰，期待從政策方向、方案規劃和支持系統等三方面，集思廣益、切磋琢磨，共創特殊教育的榮景。

This paper addresses the evolution and features of special education of the two sides across the Taiwan Strait. The common challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. In the process of modernization, Taiwan appears more advanced in terms of providing a variety of special education services to children with disabilities and giftedness than Mainland China. Under the policy of “moving toward inclusion with multi-placement practices” for years, special education in Taiwan is characterized as integrative and inclusive in placement. On the other hand, special education program in Mainland China is relatively weak with limited services provided to children with certain categories of disabilities. However, the government has been taking many steps to promote special education in recent years. As a result, a China-featured model has been emerged which could be characterized as a combination of special school (served as main framework), learning in regular class (as major approach, aiming toward inclusion), and special class as well as home-based teaching (as supplementary practice). Both Mainland China and Taiwan share same goals and challenges of promoting special education in quantity and quality, and are in the historical transition stage. It is suggested that a joint effort in regard to policy making, program design, and support system of the two sides across the Taiwan Strait be made for a bright future of special education.