希望—無望流轉：中國喪子女父母的哀傷療癒之本質

Fluxion of Hope and Hopelessness: The Model of Parental Grief Healing in China

本研究採用紮根理論建構中國喪子女父母的哀傷療癒模型。在互聯網上查找喪子女父母書寫的傾訴性文字，獲得 54 名父母的資料。藉由深入編碼、持續修正,形成「概念—副類別—類別—核心類別」的四級樹狀結構,其中包含「俗世連結的兩難」、「功能缺失的生活與心理壓力」、「角色失調的衝突」、「洞悉生死的艱難」四個結構核心類別,以及「無望中尋找希望」與「希望中面對無望」兩個歷程核心類別。各個類別所涵蓋的副類別之間的「希望—無望流轉」顯示該流轉源自內生的動力,每個類別本身即含有希望與無望兩個對立轉化點。此外,四個結構核心類別的成對類別之間、同一歷程核心類別的四個類別之間、兩個歷程核心類別之間的流轉則呈現出不同狀態之間一消一長的流動現象。本研究以形似太極圖的「希望—無望流轉」模型來呈現上述各層面與形式的「希望—無望流轉」交錯出逐漸開展的動態轉變過程,並據此提出哀傷理論建構、量表編製、實務運作之建議,以及本研究限制與對未來研究建議。

 

Grounded theory was applied to construct a theoretical model of parental grief healing in China. 54 bereaved parents’ data were obtained; their narrative texts written on the Internet were collected. Through in-depth coding and continuous correction, a four-level tree structure of concept, sub-category, category, and core-category was formed, which included four structure-core categories ("the dilemma of the secular connection," "living and psychological stress with lack of function," "the conflict of role dissonance," and "the difficulty of understanding life and death thoroughly,") and two process-core categories ("seeking hope in hopelessness" and "facing hopelessness in hope"). The “fluxion between hope and hopelessness” found among those sub-categories of the same category showed that the transformation was derived from endogenous power, and each category itself contained two opposite reversion points of hope and hopelessness. In addition, the fluxion between the paired categories of the four structural core categories, among four core categories of the same process, and between the two process-core categories presented a yī-xiāo-yī-cháng phenomenon, which can be literally translated into waxing and waning, under different conditions. The "fluxion between hope and hopelessness" at various levels and in different forms was intertwined within a gradual dynamic transformation process, which further developed a "fluxion between hope and hopelessness" model resembling a Taiji diagram. Discussion and implications of the findings were provided for theory-building, inventory-development, and practice.