面向未来的参与能力－PISA“素养”概念的发展

Participating in Tomorrow's World: PISA 'Literacy' Development

素养是PISA测试的核心概念。本文解读了PISA 2000以来素养概念的四个方面的发展：⑴逐步纳入非认知因素和元认知因素；⑵跨学科的“问题解决能力”；⑶突破传统纸笔测试素养的“计算机化测评素养”；⑷顺应经济社会的趋势，纳入新的测评领域“财经素养”。指出素养是一个不断发展的概念，其发展的两条路径分别是基础领域的深入挖掘和新兴领域的不断加入，发展动力是社会对个体适应能力不断提出更高、更多样的要求。

Literacy is a key concept of PISA. This study describes the four aspects of the concept development since PISA 2000:⑴non-cognitive and met-cognitive factors;⑵cross-curricular Problem Solving Competence;⑶Computer Based Assessment of literacy;⑷new area of Financial Literacy. It concludes that PISA literacy has developed in two directions:⑴deepening the basic domains and⑵continually enclosing new domains, yet the driving force is the more restrict and variant social adapting requirements.