舞動治療研究七十年之歷史演進：1949～2018

The Historical Evolution of Dance Movement Therapy in Seventy Years: 1949-2018

1940年代，現代舞的興起與多元發展為舞動治療鴻蒙初闢的啟蒙階段（1949∼1965年）研究奠定了基礎，不僅還原出現代舞先鋒對第一代舞動治療師，例如M. Chace、B. Evan、L. Espenak、M. Whitehouse、T. Schoop、A. Hawkins等舞動治療理論建構影響的史實，更令吾人在這場舞動治療啟蒙運動中看到舞動治療先驅目光中現代舞的本體價值。此期，以Sullivan人際精神分析理論為鏡創建的Chace舞動治療心理介入的話語權，也與Reich創建的肌肉緊張和心理情感關係的生物能量理論密切相關，更是受到Jung無意識分析理論和Adler個體心理學理論的直接助力，不僅推動舞動治療轉向心理治療典範，也奠定了後期舞動治療發展的格局。在方興未艾的舞動治療研究確立階段（1966∼1991年），舞動治療先驅創立的切斯技法（Chace Technique）、舞動／語言療法（Dance Movement/Word Therapy）、心理動作療法（Psychomotor Therapy）、深層動作療法（Depth Movement Therapy）、UR經驗取向及人本主義取向舞動療法的研究實績穿梭於不同時代和不同領域。綜觀舞動治療風靡雲湧的發展階段（1992∼2018年）研究，愈來愈多的第二代、第三代舞動治療師秉持借鑑、吸收、發展、包容及開放的態度接受舞動治療作為心理治療領域增值寵兒的新思潮，從理論與臨床實踐方面進行了考證及發展，推動了舞動治療進一步的繁榮。

In the 1940s, the rise and diversified development of modern dance laid the foundation for the study of the enlightenment stage of dance movement therapy (1949-1965). It not only restored modern dance to the first generation of DMT therapists such as Marian Chace, Blanche Evan, Liljan Espenak, Mary Whitehouse, Trudi Schoop and Alma Hawkins). The influence of the construction of DMT theory also can make us see the original value of modern dance of the pioneers of DMT in this dance therapy enlightenment. In addition, the right to speak for psychological intervention in Chace dance movement therapy based on Sullivan’s theory of interpersonal psychoanalysis is also closely related to the Gestalt therapy and bioenergetic analysis based on the idea of muscular armouring and ego psychology shaped by Reich, and it is also influenced by Jung’s unconscious analysis theory and Adler’s theory of individual psychology. It not only promotes dancing movement therapy to a paradigm of psychotherapy, but also establishes the pattern of later development. In the stage of establishment of DMT (1966-1991), The s researches of Chace technique, dance movement/word therapy, psychomotor therapy, depth movement therapy, universal transcendental and humanistic-oriented dance movement therapy had spread across different eras and fields. Throughout the research on the development stage of dance movement therapy (1992-2018), more and more modern dance therapists adopt the attitude of reference, absorption, development, tolerance and openness to accept DMT as a part of the field of psychotherapy. The practice has been verified and developed, which has promoted the further prosperity of DMT.