敘事研究中「存在經驗」與「存有」的地理學方法探問： 從情緒地理學與詮釋現象學取「徑」

Enquiry of "Lived Experience" and "Being" in Narrative Study: Taking Path through Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Emotional Geography

本研究從本體論為起點探討「存在經驗」與「存有」的本體論點，接連「主體性」以及「主體間際性」 的經驗論述，以詮釋現象學以及情緒地理學的本體論與知識論觀點，形成一個對於「存有」的地理學形 式探問。在諮商與心理治療質性研究的敘事轉向的歷史中，「敘事」以被發展為探究主體經驗的研究依 據，但對於主體敘說位置的不明，也常常讓敘事研究具有無法被批判或判準的濫觴。因此本研究定調在 「探問」：從確認敘說者與研究者的位置作為一個倫理性的存在，試圖重新形成一個探問的起點。從詮 釋現象學在歐陸對於存在哲學的影響，以及在台灣人文與臨床療癒的發展，本文提出意義收發的探問方 向，從主體間際性與主體性在敘說與聆聽的迂迴途徑，去定義從外返身的探問。另外，從歐洲情緒地理 學的發展，結合心理分析的「過渡」觀點，我們可以更定位主體性的經驗位置，同時取徑地理學的知識 論與方法論。而在探問的方法論上，本文整理現有的諮商與心理治療方法論中提出兩個探問「存有」的 地理學方法，第一，從內在空間與外在空間的移動勾勒內在地景的生成；第二，從詮釋現象學的意義裂 解與還原經驗及敘事結構。從三個探問「存有」的方法論點，重新定位接引諮商與心理治療在敘事研究 資料分析中，探索意義途徑與經驗結構的兩個方法論基礎。

 

The purpose of this study is to enquire ""lived experience"" and ""being"" from the nature of time and space. The authors argued that meaning construction needs to take terms methodologically by hermeneutic phenomenology and emotional geography. Four discussion points are showed as follows and used to articulate the utility of narrative analysis.Firstly, this study defines the enquiry itself as enquiring ""being"" in its subjectivity or intersubjectivity. Through reviewing the ""narrative turn"" in the history of qualitative research, narrative is stated as the representation of one’s self and therefore studying one’s life story is to explore the meaning construction of lived experience, which is through saying and said, and has its subject from and object for. Ontologically, it is argued that meaning in narrative has its own time and space and therefore researchers need to find the route of how meaning could be developing.

The second part of this study is to further debate the nature of ""lived experience"" and ""being"" as topographical and geographical. Meaning develops with its directions between self and other; therefore, a researcher’s ambition to ""reflect"" outside world or ""reflexively"" clarifies inner world of oneself and decides the attitude of studying meaning construction of lived experience. This part defines and reviews the ontological concern of ""being"" and its relation of space and time. From current finding of emotional geography in Europe, narrative could therefore be widen its epistemological and methodological perspective for exploring ""being"" and ""lived experience"".

In the third part of this study, according to our ontological arguments epistemological perspectives have been elaborated for understanding meaning construction of ""being"" and ""lived experience"". The dimensions of time and space are particularly relevant here. Through Heidegger’s contribution of Dasein analysis and dwelling concepts, we defined narrative has its time linear structure in which presence is in-between the past and future, and has its space structure of being-in-a-space, from geographer Malpas’s contribution. We linked Winnicott’s concept of ""transitional space"" and discussed the ""being"" as the ethics between self, other, and transitional space, and further discussed the indigenous studies conducted in Taiwan about the structural concern as well as the topographical nature of perception.

The final part of the arguments focuses two methodological concerns: route and structure. The former lead to the discussion of geographical approach towards qualitative data. Here the illustration of mental landscape is offered and is argued as an analytic method. Humanistic geographical approach developed in recent decades focused on reflexive description of self-other relationship and the mental/emotional landscape, so that lived experience and being could be illustrated by where and how the meaning is constructed. Therefore the route and structure of meaning construction can then be represented.

The second methodological concern take narratives to the hermeneutics and phenomenology of meaning construction, in which Husserl used ""epoche"" as the method of temporally disregarding its causality but the ""things itself"". This method could help a researcher systematically investigate both temporal and topographical nature of lived experience. From Wei-Lun Lee’s six-step correction from Giorgi’s five steps of analysis, the way in which ""being"" can be opened into the description of phenomenon. Also, Lee’s methodological investigation to human perception was followed for exploring the structure of lived experience itself.

This study particularly focuses on the temporal structure of narratives, and taking the final methodological path through the circle of hermeneutics, which regards narrative as having its circle of interpretation as the process of meaning construction. A method named Critical Narrative Analysis (CNA) is discoursed here. Six steps of data analysis for qualitative data is introduced for concluding the concern for enquiring meaning structure within narratives, especially when data is with historical and temporal characteristics.

By above arguments, the understanding of narratives according its ontology, epistemology and methodology is carefully linked with the use of narrative analysis in counseling and psychotherapeutic practice. And methodological concerns of narrative are concluded for answering how and why taking path through hermeneutic phenomenology and emotional geography is important in narrative enquiries.