我国高中学业水平考试的实践困境与制度审思

A Reflection on the System of Senior High School Academic Achievement Test and the Dilemmas in its Implementation

普通高中学业水平考试是为适应新课程改革而建立的一项大型教育考试制度，对推动课程、教学及高考制度改革均具有重要的现实意义。但在实施过程中，普遍存在认识不足、考试失范、分数绩效作用不大等诸多问题，陷入考试与评价“形式主义”的现实窘境。究其原因，一方面，我国现行高考制度的强势性影响是主因，另一方面，学业水平考试本身的性质定位、功能定向、建模形态等也存在偏失，需要进行理性检视。应从完善“国家课程测验”制度立法、建立专业机构、克服考试形式主义和高中教育功利主义倾向等层面对其进行制度反思，建立明确的考试标准、提高测查工具的专业化水平、增强绩效分数的权威性和应用性，加强组织管理的规范性等。

Academic achievement test for regular senior high school students is a comprehensive examination system established to meet the needs of new curriculum reform. The testing system is of practical significance for advancing the reforms in high school curriculum, teaching and the National College Entrance Examination system. But there are quite a few problems in the process of carrying out the test, such as inadequate understanding, examination anomie and low effectiveness of examination results, which have made the test a matter of formality. These problems are mainly caused by the current National College Entrance Examination system in China, meanwhile, the definition of the nature of high school academic achievement test and its function orientation and modeling form should also be examined in a rationale way. It is necessary to make reflection on the current test system from the aspects of enhancing legislation for“national curriculum examinations”,establishing professional institutions, overcoming externalism in examinations and the pragmaticist tendency in senior high school education. Moreover, it is also imperative to establish specific examination standards, improve the professional level of examination tools, increase the authority and application of the examination results and enhance the standardization in the organization and management of the test etc.