「新文化運動」時期（1915～1925）的人道主義

"Chinese Humanitarianism in the Period of the May Fourth “New Cultural Movement” (1915-1925)

人道主義是五四新文化運動時期一個響亮的口號，是一個召喚新青年熱血的口號，更是一個彰顯新文化運動特色的重要符號。這個符號不僅表現在文學裡，也明顯地表現在整個思想運動裡。不過，標舉人道主義的五四新文化運動時期最重要的特徵，卻對同樣以人道主義作為號召的儒家傳統，做出激烈攻擊與批判；不論是《新青年》雜誌或者是子輩的追隨者《新潮》，都以否定「道德本位主義」的儒家為能事。本文探討新文化運動時期所宣揚的三種人道主義模式：一、作為個人主義的人道主義；二、作為和平主義的人道主義；三、作為博愛主義的人道主義。它試圖在比較大的架構下釐清這個概念，討論人道主義在啟蒙運動裡的角色與意義，並探索它與外國文化之間的關聯。

Chinese humanitarianism was a thrilling slogan in the period of the May Fourth “New Cultural Movement” from 1915 to 1925; it was not only a fiery-spirited slogan for calling young people, but also a significant mark manifesting the main characters of “New Cultural Movement”. Clearly, this mark performed on both literature and the intellectual movement. Humanitarianism of the May Fourth “New Cultural Movement” strongly criticized and attacked the traditional humanitarianism of Confucianism by publishing the New Youth magazine and the Renaissance magazine; it entirely negated moralism-based Confucian tradition. This paper attempts to explore three models of humanitarianism during the period of “New Cultural Movement”: the model of individualism, the model of pacifism, and the model of philanthropism. This paper also tries to clarify this concept by a larger framework, to discuss the role and meaning of humanitarianism in the Enlightenment, and to explore its connection with foreign cultures.