美国研究生助教制度与大学教师职前教学发展

On American Graduates as Assistant Professor and Pre-Faculty Instructional Development

美国研究生助教制度经历了开创、扩张和超越三个阶段。助教既是助理教师，又是教学学徒和信使，自20世纪90年代始，教学学徒的角色更为凸显。助教制度有助于研究生完成学业和缓解高等教育大众化过程中的师资压力，有助于研究生做出正确的职业选择和促进研究生社会化，尤其有助于促进大学教师职前教学的发展。

American assistant professor institution has experienced three stages such as starting, expanding and exceeding. Assistant professor is assistant instructor, as well as teaching apprentices and messenger. Since the 1990s, the role of teaching apprentices was more emphasized, and effective measures were taken to promote the instructional development of teaching assistants. Assistant professor could help graduates to complete their studies and ease the stress of shortage of professors in the process of mass higher education, it can help graduate students to make the right career choices and to promote the socialization of graduate students, in particular, it contributes to the pre-service instructional and development of faculty.