替代还是互补－大学生就业中的人力资本和社会资本联合作用机制研究

Substitution or Complementation: A Study on Joint Mechanism of Human Capital and Social Capital to College Graduates' Employment

现有文献多数只关注人力资本和社会资本何者更为重要的问题，很少讨论在大学生就业过程中二者以怎样的机制发生联合作用，即二者是一种替代关系还是互补关系。对这一问题的解答具有很强的政策含义。在对衡量指标充分讨论的基础上，本文首先利用一手数据研究了人力资本和社会资本何者更为重要，并进一步对其联合作用机制进行计量分析。本文发现：第一，在提高顺利就业概率方面，人力资本和社会资本都不可或缺，决定大学毕业生起薪水平的因素是人力资本，决定能否进入国有部门工作的因素是社会资本；第二，在获取就业机会和起薪决定方面，二者存在替代关系；在决定能否进入国有部门工作方面，二者具有较强的互补关系。

Most of the existing empirical studies about college graduates' employment only focus on a comparison of importance of human capital or social. But there is little discussion about how the two types of capital impact jointly on college graduates' employment process. This paper examined the relation between the two kinds of capital: substitution or complementation. On the basis of comprehensive discussion regarding the indicators of human capital and social capital, this paper firstly studies the importance of the two kinds of capital based on the survey data. Secondly the paper examines the joint mechanism of the two kinds of capital in college graduates' employment by regression analysis. The main results are: firstly, both human capital and social capital play important and indispensable role on improving the employment probability, and human capital rather than social capital plays a more important role on levels of starting salary. However, in order to enter the state-owned sectors, college graduates have to get much more social capital. Secondly, there is a substitution relationship between human capital and social capital in terms of taking employment opportunities and deciding a starting salary. That implies that the role of human capital is reducing while the effect of social capital is rising, or the function of social capital is getting decreased while the effect of human capital is increasing. But in terms of entering the state-owned sectors, there is a strong complementary relationship between the two kinds of capital.