晚清內廷戲班「普天同慶班」初探

The Study of “Pu-Tian-Tong-Qing Troupe” in the Inner Court of Late Qing Dynasty

「普天同慶班」是一個由晚清內廷太監所組成的戲班，又稱「本宮」或「本家」。此戲班直接隸屬慈禧太后，為其私人戲班，非由昇平署管理。在清代內廷演劇發展中，「普天同慶班」可視為晚清階段内廷演劇主力，其演出劇目以亂彈為主，且受楊隆壽和王愣仙等人指導，技藝水準不亞於民間戲班，在宮中具有特殊地位。本文即針對戲班之形成、組織架構、演出劇目和場域等議題進行探討，期望能進一步瞭解「普天同慶班」的活動軌跡，開啟探討晚清內廷演劇之另一論述場域。

“Pu-Tian-Tong-Qing Troupe” was assembled by the eunuchs of the Inner Court in the late Qing dynasty, also known as “Ben-Gong” or “Ben-Jia”. This troupe directly belonged to Dowager Cixi but not governed by the Sheng-Ping office; thus which was also regarded as a private troupe. In the development of the Inner Court Opera of the Qing Dynasty, “Pu-Tian-Tong-Qing Troupe” Troupe was indeed one of the most important troupes in the late Qing dynasty. Luan-Tan Opera (Pi-Huang) was the main genre which they performed the most; the actors were instructed by some famous civil actors such as Yang, Long-Shou, Wang, Leng-Xian, and Tan, Xin-Pei. That instruction not only made the troupe had great performing techniques, but also indirectly helped the actors enjoy a high status in the Court. This dissertation carries out an advanced deliberation in the categories of the formation, the organization, the representative actors, the play list, the stage of the troupe, and the significance of the troupe in regard to the Court Opera in the late Qing dynasty. Aim to have a better comprehension of the behaviors of “Pu-Tian-Tong-Qing Troupe”, and to initiate a new direction of the research of Inner Court Opera in Late Qing.