傑出女性科學家生涯發展歷程之探討

The Career Development of Eminent Female Scientists in Taiwan

本研究以台灣七位傑出女性科學家作為研究對象，經由深度訪談及相關文件的蒐集，以了解並建構女性科學家的生涯發展歷程，作為成功女性角色的範式。資料處理與分析方面，首先將錄音帶內容轉譯為逐字稿、編碼，配合相關文件等多元資料，反覆閱讀後，不斷分析、比較、對照、修正、歸納與綜合，以理解並建構女性科學家的生涯發展歷程。本研究的主要發現如下：一、家庭環境方面：大部分父母沒有重男輕女的觀念，不會為女兒設限。多位女性科學家的父母親所學雖與科學無關，但均能支持子女在科學上發展。二、求學歷程方面：求學階段數理成績表現優異，獲得教師的肯定；多數都興趣廣泛，受到良師、科學影片或科學傳記、科學實驗或研究等的引導或啟發，在高中或大學時代就立志以科學為職志；靠獎學金出國念書，六位在國外取得博士學位。三、科學工作歷程：本研究中傑出女性科學家的嘗試性工作經驗闕如或甚短，皆為專業性、管理性、具一技之長的工作者，屬於Super（1984）生涯型態分類中的「穩定的生涯型態」。根據上述結果，研究者歸納出傑出女性科學家生涯發展歷程的特色，並分別就家 庭、學校、未來研究等方面提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to construct a career development profile for eminent female scientists in Taiwan. In-depth interviews were given to seven well-known female science professors or researchers in Taiwan. A semi-structured outline was also used to serve as a reminder or guide for the researcher doing the interviewing. The career development of these women in their professional fields was analyzed. The major findings were as follows: (1) Most of the subject' parents did not discriminate based on gender; they all supported their daughters' scientific studies, even though they themselves were not in the same field. (2) The subjects had excellent academic records in high school and university; after university they dedicated themselves to advanced scientific studies: the majority, six of them, completed their doctorates abroad. (3)According to Super's career development categories, all the subjects in this study had experienced “stable career development.” (4) Their scientific career development also appeared to be affected by significant others, their own unique personalities, the support of their families and environment factors. (5) As for significant others, parents and teachers were mentioned most frequently. In addition to their parents, for those who were married, their husbands also encouraged their academic work, no matter what the husbands' research fields. Finally, based on the findings of this study, the researcher makes some suggestions for institutions, schools, families, and future studies.