和谐社会视野中学生民主素养的培育

The Cultivation of Democratic Habits of Students under the Vision of a Harmonious Society

调查表明，日常生活中普通人滥用权力的现象普遍存在，许多是“两面人”：一面是滥用权力的受害者，一面是滥用权力的害人者。这导致了社会中很多不和谐事件的发生。虽然这是由于部分公职人员权力滥用的示范与传递效应，但更多的是由于人们与部分公职人员一样，缺少民主意识所导致。民主是防止权力滥用的最根本方式。因此，改变这种状况，需要提高人们的民主意识，培养人们的民主精神和行使民主权利的能力，以监督自身和他人权力的运行。教育无疑在公民民主素养的培育方面起着重要作用。具体而言，提高学生的民主素养可通过以下途径来进行：通过讨论协商的办法实施道德教育；实行班级自治，在班干部选举中提高学生的民主意识与参与能力；建立和谐的师生关系等。

According to a survey, it is very common that the ordinary people are abusing their power. Many people are People on both sides, that is, on the one hand, they are the victims of the abuse of the power; on the other, and they are the Victimizers. This kind of phenomenon makes the society less harmonious. Although it is partly due to the demonstration and transfer effect of some public servants, it is largely associated with the fact that the people are the same as the public servants at lack of awareness of democracy, because democracy is a basic way that prevents the abuse of power. Therefore, in order to change this situation, we must raise the awareness of people, and foster their spirit, and practice the ability of the exercise of democratic rights on democracy, and to supervise themselves and others during the operation of power. It is not doubt that education is very important in the cultivation of the democracy. Concretely, in order to make the students acquire democratic habits, several ways should be taken at school as follows: Firstly, morality should be cultivated in a way of communication. Secondly, autonomy of the students must be introduced in class; and teachers should cultivate the students’ spirit and ability of democracy during the election of class carders. Last but not the least; we should try to establish a kind of equal and harmonious relations between the teachers and the students.