柏拉图的未成文学说与书写批判及其教育意义

Plato's Unwritten Doctrines and The Criticism of Writing, and Its Meanings for Education

多年以来，我国教育史学界研究柏拉图教育思想的主要依据是其对话录《理想国》。但根据中外哲学史学界的研究成果，我们实际上还可以通过其它相关文献进行更加深入地研究，如柏拉图的其它对话录及一些未成文学说。德国图宾根学派的研究成果更揭示出柏拉图的未成文学说对于研究其哲学乃至教育思想的重要理论意义：古代伟人多通过口传来进行教育活动，近代以来在研究人物思想方面崇尚书本的做法并不一定适合古代。柏拉图在其《斐德诺篇》和《第二封书信》中曾对书写著作进行的深刻批判不仅表明其对书写著作的根本态度，也具有教学方法上的重要意义。

The field of education history in China studies on Plato's educational philosophy is mainly based on Plato's Republic. According to the research in philosophy， we could conduct deeper studies based on Plato‘s other works， such as his dialogue and his unwritten doctrines. The main research of Tubingen School demonstrates that Plato's unwritten Doctrines are important in studying Plato's philosophy and education. In ancient times， masters educated their disciples mainly through dialogues rather than books. Plato's Phaedrus and Second Epistle criticized the writing and works. This not only illustrates Plato's attitude towards writing， but also has important implications on curriculum and pedagogy.