高等教育创新的“保健机制”探析——以美国的经验为例

An Analysis on the Hygienic Mechanism of American Higher Education Innovation

高等教育创新的“保健机制”，是消除高等教育创新活动中不满意情绪的政策、制度安排以及各要素之间的联系和作用方式。美国在宏观层面通过建立完善的社会保障体系、保护知识产权和学术自由权利，在中观层面通过建立终身聘任制度、学术自治制度和合理的教师休假制度，在微观层面通过采用同行评审、形成性评价和多专家评价等评价方式，为高等教育创新活动建立起了较为完善的“保健机制”，其做法可以为我国高等教育创新“保健机制”的构建提供有益启示。

The hygienic mechanism of higher education innovation is policies， system and the relation and acting mode of different factors to eliminate people's unsatisfied emotions in higher education innovative activities. Through establishing perfect social security system， protecting intellectual property rights and academic freedom at the macro level， introducing tenure system， academic autonomy system and faculty leave system at the middle level and using peer review， formative evaluation and multiple experts evaluation at the micro level， America has constructed mature hygienic mechanism for higher education innovation， which can provide good enlightenment to our country.