我们仍然需要面向思的教育——海德格尔论技术时代的教育

We Still Need Education in Thinking: Heidegger's Education in a Technological Age

由于世界的技术化，教育也随之技术化。人们追求更高的效率和选择化。学生成了学校培养的人力资本，以便提高经济增长和竞争力。海德格尔以面向思的事情来抵抗这种计算性思维。教育即让人获得辨别能力、素质和鉴赏力。教就意味着“让－学习”，真正的教师除了学习本身以外一无所教。海德格尔认为，传统的教育是教化，有固定的范式。另一种教育则是面向思的教育。最激发思的东西是一种空，一种缺乏，一种不足，一种缺席，一种非存在。海德格尔把这种缺失命名为“奥秘”，面向思的教育旨在培养“对于奥秘的虚怀敞开”。面向思的教育旨在养育泰然让之和敏锐。教育要让学生学会忍受他们的世界的无基础性。这要通过历史的教育，历史教育强调风格的非连续性。另外，娴熟的技艺精通是一种参与到情境中的方式。面向思的教育是一种苏格拉底式的“哲学的腐化”。

Education has been technologized because of the technologization of the world. People are pursuing the higher efficiency and selection. Schools regard students as human capital， which can lead to economic increase and competitiveness. Heidegger resists this kind of calculative thinking with education in thinking. Education cultivates discriminatory capacities， dispositions and taste. Teaching is “to let-learn”. A real teacher teaches nothing but the learning itself. Heidegger holds that the traditional education is bildung with the fixed paradigm. Another education is education in thinking. What is thought-provoking is a kind of emptiness， a lack， a failure， an absence， a non-being. Heidegger's name for such an absence is “the mystery”， and an education in thinking aims to produce in us an “openness to mystery”， to obtain “Gelassenheit” and “Besinnung”. Students should learn to bear the ungroundedness of their world through history education stressing discontinuity of history. Besides， mastery of a skill is a way of engagement. An education in thinking is Socrates’ “philosophical corruption”.