李澤厚的五四史觀及其論爭:一個意識形態化歷史論述的觀察

Li Che-hou's Historical View on the May Fourth Movement and Its Disputes : An Observation of Ideologized Historical Discourse

大陸學者李澤厚於一九九六年撰文一篇，以反省的角度重新解說五四運動的歷史，由於李澤厚認為馬克斯主義在中國受到廣泛接受的歷史是「救亡壓倒啟蒙」的表現，稍剖於中共官式史觀，故引起大陸史學界及文化評論者的一場爭論。但本文研究發現，李氏封五四運動重新詮釋與評價的模式，仍扭力合理化中共武力建構之政權為革命救國的使命與歷史的必然性9並未跨出中共意識形態化的歷史論述傳統;而對其觀點的批評，不論是來自於官方史家或對中共政權不滿的異議份于，事實土也未掙脫毛澤車「兩階段民主主義革命」說的陰影。故這場論爭，不管是對李澤厚模式的反對或修改，其實都是意識形態化的衝突而非學術論辯，他們都把五四運動從它的語境中抽出而將之非歷史化了。

In 1986， the PRC's scholar Li Che-hou published an article， reexamine the history of the May Fourth Movement from a self-reflexive angle. Liholds that the extensive reception of Marxism in China is an expression of the idea that the national salvation over-rides the enlightment. Because this view slightly differs from the official view， it has caused heated discussions among Mainland historians and cultural critics. However， the research of this paper has discovered that Li's new interpretation and his evaluative model greatly rationalize the militarily built Communist regime as having the revolutionary -mission of national salvation and its historical inevitability. Li's view has not gone beyond the Communist tradition of the ideologized perspective on historical discourse. And the criticisms on his view， whether from the official historians or dissidents， have not in fact escaped the shadow of Mao's theory of “Two-phaseDemocratic Revolution＂. Therefore these disputes， whether they are against Li' s model or revisions of his model， are in fact ideologized conflict but not academic debate， because they all unhistoricize the May Fourth Movement by decontextualizing it.