台灣地區兒童憂鬱流行率之調查研究

A Survey Study of The Prevalence of Child Depression in Taiwan

本研究目的在藉由探究台灣地區兒童憂鬱的相關問題之研究結果，以提供國小及社區諮商輔導機構做為實務上之應用。研究樣本以分層隨機叢集抽樣全台四區域21所國小三至六年級兒童共2，227名為受試對象，分別進行人口變項之調查。本研究之研究結果發現4.2%的兒童疑似有重度憂鬱，男生疑似有重度憂鬱的比率偏高。不同區域、年級、手足人數、出生序、家庭組織、家庭氣氛、父親管教方式、母親管教方式、學業成績，及社經地位的兒童在憂鬱分數的差異達顯著水準。年級在兒童憂鬱疾患上的趨向分析，結果發現隨著年級愈高而憂鬱分數成直線上升。至於不同背景變項對兒童憂鬱疾患的預測力，研究結果發現年級、家庭氣氛、父母親管教方式，及學業成績具有顯著的預測力，其中以家庭氣氛對兒童憂鬱疾患的預測作用最大。本研究根據研究結果與討論，提出建議及對未來研究提出進一步的具體建議，供國小及社區諮商輔導機構或人員參酌。

The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of depression in Taiwanese children， and to provide the practical basis for elementary school and community counseling and guidance. The samples consist of 2，227 students from grades three to six in four different areas of 21 elementary schools. They were analyzed using cluster sampling methods.The results are summarized as follows: 1)the rate of child depression in Taiwan is about 4.2%， 2)there were significant differences in factors such as: area， grade， gender， number of siblings， birth order， family composition， family atmosphere， parenting style， school performance and socio-economic status， 3)child depression showed a significant linear trend by grade， and 4)the four best predictors of children depression tended to be grade， family atmosphere， parenting style and school performance.This study is based on the result of study and discussion and provides reference for counselors in elementary school and community counseling institutions for practical application.