[新机制]对义务教育普及影响的增值性评价--基于西部五省区县级入学率的分析

Value-added Assessment of New Mechanism Policy on Compulsory Education Popularization: Based on the County-level Enrolment Data of Five Provinces or Autonomous Regions in Western China

本研究在描述西部五省近年来义务教育普及情况基础上，使用世界银行西部地区基础教育发展项目影响力评价课题的县级数据库，构建小学和初中毛入学率的增值模型，考察与[新机制]相关的资源投入和政策实施对义务教育普及的影响。研究发现，[新机制]实施后，西部五省区农村义务教育普及率得到明显提升，但五省适龄儿童义务教育普及率相对落后于全国平均水平，毛入学率略高于全国平均水平，这些地区出现超龄学生返学现象。研究证实，[新机制]对西部农村义务教育普及产生了正向影响，近几年来国家免除教科书费用、提高生均公用经费水平、提高寄宿生生活补助额度的政策均有利于推进义务教育普及，但西部五省农村中小学还存在一定数量的危房，不利于义务教育的发展，建议政府加大力度推进校舍维修改造的长效机制，加强对校舍维修改造项目的监督与管理。

Building upon the descriptive statistics of compulsory education popularization in five western provinces recent years， this paper used county-level database of BEWAMS and built value-added models of gross enrolment rate in primary and junior secondary education to study the impact of resource input and policy implementation about new mechanism policy on compulsory education popularization. The study found that the compulsory education popularity rate of the five western province rural areas improved significantly after the implementation of new mechanism policy， but it was still lower than national average. The gross enrolment rates were higher because there were many over-aged students returned to school. This study confirmed that new mechanism had positive effect on compulsory education popularization in western rural areas. The policies of free textbooks， advanced education public expenditure per students and improved boarder subsidy amount were conducive to promoting compulsory education popularization. But there also had a certain amount of dilapidated building which is not conducive to the development of compulsory education. We proposed that government should put more effort to promote maintenance ad reconstruction of school buildings and strengthen the supervision and management on the program of school buildings’ maintenance and reconstruction.