采用非收入变量认定高校家庭经济困难学生的实证研究

Empirical Analysis on Identifying Needy College Students With Non-income Indicators

缺乏可靠的家庭收入信息，是我国高校家庭经济困难学生认定的难点所在。为了解决这一难题，我们借鉴贫困家庭认定的研究方法探讨了采用非收入变量估计学生家庭收入的效果。首先，我们发现利用相对法估计的准确性可以达到40%左右。随后，对比两种不同成本的估计方案，我们发现低成本方案的估计准确性与高成本方案之间几乎没有差距。这一结论表明，或许可以舍弃那些核实成本较高的变量，仅采用易于核实的变量来估计学生家庭收入，从而大幅度降低高校经济困难学生认定工作的成本。但是进一步的研究表明，低成本方案的有效性还存在地域上的不一致。

The lack of reliable information on family income is the biggest difficulty in targeting subsidies to college students from low income family. To solve this problem， we apply commonly-used methods in poverty targeting to estimate college students’ family income with non-income indicators. At first， we find that the accuracy of the relative method is 40%. Then， comparing the low cost scheme and the high cost scheme， we find out that they have a similar accuracy. The conclusion implicates that we can abandon those variables which need high cost to estimate college students’ family income and reduce the cost of targeting students from low income family. At last， this study shows that the low cost scheme performs differently among different regions.