大学管理重心定位的理论分析

A Theoretical Analysis on Lowering the Managerial Gravity Center in Universities

管理重心下移是我国一部份大学生在发展中必然要面对的组织变革问题，管理重心能否下移以及下移到何种程度为宜，应以大学对权力集中度的需求为基础。组织决策信息成本、组织规模化程度、组织结构特征、组织核心成员工作特点是影响大学权力集中度需求的主要因素，大学发展类型与这些因素具有极强的关联性，因而也会明显影响大学对权力集中度的需求。对于研究型大学而言，管理重心下移的命题不仅有行政系统”由上向下”的分权内涵，而且有行政系统”由内向外”的分权内涵。为此，须采取”双向分权”的变革路径，使学院成为基层管理的中心，并纠正学院的组织结构和管理模式照抄学校的组织结构和管理模式的错误倾向。

There has been a trend of lowering the managerial gravity center in the process of development in some Chinese universities. Whether or not， and to what extent the universities shall lower the managerial gravity center actually depend on the demand for centralization in universities. Generally speaking， the information cost for decision-making， the formation of scale of the organizations， the features of the organizational structure of universities and the working style of the core administrative members are the four main factors that affect the demand of centralization in universities. The pathway of the development of a university also affects the demand for centralization， which is closely related to the above-mentioned factors. As for the research universities， the process of lowering the managerial gravity center has not just the connotation of decentralization from the top down but also the decentralization “from inside to outside”. It is more reasonable for universities to use a two-way decentralizing pathway to lower the managerial gravity center， so as to make college-level the managerial axis at the grass-toots level， and rectify the inappropriate duplication of the organizational structure and administrative mode of the university at college level.