蔡元培对德国大学理念的接受 ─ 基于译文《德意志大学之特色》的讨论

On Cai Yuanpei’s Reception of German University Ideology：Based on Cai’s Translation of “The Features of German University”

蔡元培的大学思想受到德国大学理念的影响，这是公论。但蔡元培系统了解德国大学观念的资料来源并不清楚。本文对照德文原文，分析了蔡示培所翻译的包尔生的《德意志大学之特色》一文，得出如下结论：一、包尔生的这一文章是蔡元培系统了解德国的大学历史与观念之始；二、文中关于德国大学及其特色，特别是大学为决定国家民族命运之关键的论述，对蔡元培影响至深，成为他日后大学理念的基础。

It is generally accepted that Cai Yuanpei’s thoughts on university have been influenced by German University Ideology. But there is no evidence showing how Cai acquired his systematical knowledge of German university. Basing on the German version of Paulsen’s book， the paper makes an analysis on Cai’s translation of “The Features of German University” and comes to the following conclusions. First， Paulsen’s work initiated Cai’s comprehensive knowledge and perception of German university history. Second， features of German university in Paulsen’s work， especially the argumentation of university being the key to national destiny， have laid a foundation to Cai’s thoughts on university.