政府在职业培训投资中的作用

The Role of the State in Financing Training

本文从七个方面论证了政府投资或者提供培训的正当理由，其中五个方面渉及受过培训的工作可能供给不足的问题，另外两个社会方面的理由是关注的不公平和经济学所疏忽的部分。除了对私人培训机构能力不足的补充外，这些论点中没有政府提供培训的成功案例。在培训表现出外部效益和为弱势群体提供技能发展项目时，对培训的公共资助理由是很充分的。单从经济学基本原理出发，提供尽可能多的公共培训是需要的，公共培训有效率且市场响应迅速是最为理想的。

The paper discusses seven major arguments that may be adduced to justify a government role in financing and / or provision of training. Five arguments are related to the possible under—supply of trained workers；two social arguments are concerned with inequities and the neglect of the economically weak. In none of these arguments（except to supplement weak private training institutional capacity）is a case made for state provision of training. The case for public subsidy of training is strongest where externality effects of training are present and to support skill development programs for disadvantaged groups. While there is usually much more public provision of training than is required by economic rational alone， this may not be sub—optimal if public training is efficient and market—responsive.