中国过度教育的收入效应

The Return of Overeducated in Mainland China

用ORU模型估算我国过度教育的收入效应，结果表明：过度教育收益率为正值，但小于工作所需教育收益率，说明个人发生过度教育仍可获得收益，但收入会受到损失。分工种分行业和地区的估算表明：在教育水平和工作技术层次紧密相关的工作领域，教育和工作配置关系对配置程度较高的工种收入影响很大，如专业人员和技术工作；相反，对配置程度较低的工种收入影响较小，如办事员。在竞争性强和收入低的部门和地区，过度教育收益率较低，或者不显著。相反，在垄断程度和收入越高的行业和地区，过度教育收益率越高，这可以解释即使发生过度教育、受教育者如何仍然愿意在该类地区和行业工作。

The present study aims to examine the return of overeducated in China with ORU Model. The results of estimation showed that the return of overeducated is positive， but lower than the return of required education. It means that the overeducated worker would suffer loss in income， but he could still get return from his education. Furthermore， the return of overeducated depends on the variables such as job， sector and region. In the working filed that technology is closely related to education， the income of an employed depends on his level of education and job allocation. The return of overeducated is relatively low in those sectors and regions with high competition and low income. On the contrary， the return of overeducated is relatively high in the sectors and regions with high monopoly and high income. This finding is helpful to explain why people with high level of education are willing to take jobs in low position in these regions and sectors.