学校变革困难的新制度主义解释

The Explanation of the Difficulties of School Change from the New Institutionalism Perspective

学校在巨大的变革压力面前表现出了很强的稳定性。新制度主义认为，学校作为组织是生活在组织域中的，因此就受制于制度逻辑的约束。而学校变革到了一定阶段之后就必然试图突破制度逻辑对它的限制，但制度逻辑是高度稳定的。首先，制度逻辑的形成是”集体行为”，单方面的改变很难成功。其次，制度逻辑可以自我”神化”，从而免于理性的质疑和冲击。最后，个体往往无法意识到制度逻辑对自己的影响，因此制度逻辑很难被有识识地纠正。这是造成学校变革困难的深层次原因。

Reforms to change schools emerge endlessly in history， but the schools are stable. The durability of school seems far beyond imagination . But from the new Institutionalism perspective， this puzzle is not unanswerable. In fact， schools as other organizations are structured by the institutional logic which is constituted in organizational field. Therefore， if reformers want to make the change deep and sustainable， they will demand the change if institutional logic sooner or later. The intrinsic characteristics of institutional logic， however， make such attempts to change institutional logic nearly impossible. That is the basic reason why school change is so difficult.