上海、重庆企业职工对技能认识的分类及其影响因素：三水平分析

Determinants of Employees’ Perceptions of Job Skills in Shanghai and Chongqing：A Three—level Model Analysis

本研究以上海和重庆第二、三产业7040名职工为对象，运用多水平模型分析职工对工作技能的认识及分类，以及个人因素和企业因素对职工对技能重要性认识的影响。第一水平分析使用测量模型根据职工对20个工作技能重要性的认识将之分为五类，即个人工作习惯和特点、交流能力、解决问题能力、岗位工作需要的操作技能和完成岗位工作需要的一般职业能力。这五种技能又可以归为通用技能和与工作有关的技能两大类。第二、三水平的分析显示，个人特征是解释职工对不同技能因子重要性认识差异的主要因素，在职培训对于改变职工对技能重要性的认识起重要作用。

This study used data sets from surveys of 7040 employees in Shanghai and Chongqing in 1998. The purpose was to examine employees’ perception of job skills as well as the impact of individual and firm characteristics on their perception. This study employed multilevel analysis. At level 1， measurement models was used to classify twenty items of job skills into five types. That is， employees saw job required skills as five types：the dispositional skills， communication skills， problem—solving skills， technical ability to carry on job tasks and vocational ability to perform in a job. We saw five types of skills divided largely into two categories. One is more generic， and the other is more job—specific oriented. Employees valued both categories of skills in the workplace. Our analysis indicated that employee characteristics at the second level were the most powerful variables to explain difference in perception of skills. We found that on—the—job training played an important role in changing employees’ viewpoints about importance of job skills.