大学通识教育与文化素质教育

General Education and Cultural Attainment Education in the University

本文叙述通识教育在中国实施的过程，指出它是中国高等教育为摆脱计划经济时代过分专业化教育的束缚、面向社会、适应经济体制转轨而推行的一种改革。1995年起在全国开展的文化素质教育推动了这一改革进程，而国外的博雅教育和港台地区的通识教育促进了通识教育在大陆的实施。作者认为大学通识教育的基本功能在于帮助学生树立做人和做事的正确态度与能力，实施通识教育的主渠道是开设通识课程。作者阐述了开设通识课程的原则、要求、做法以及教师的条件，叙述了通识教育与文化素质教育的关系。

This paper describes the process of the implementation of general education in Chinese universities. General education is a reform strategy adopted by the Chinese universities to move from the over—specialized education established during the planned economy to a new system more in line with the social needs of the market economy. The “Cultural Attainment Education” launched in Chinese universities since 1995 has promoted the implementation of general education， while the liberal education in Western countries and general education in Hong Kong and Taiwan have also helped the process in Mainland China. The common courses are the basic means to carry out general education in Chinese universities. The essential function of general education is to clarified the principles， requirements， methods and especially the competence of teachers for implementing common courses. The relation between general education and the “Cultural Attainment Education” is also discussed.