社会分层对于高等教育分层的影响—西安民办高校学生家庭背景的实证分析

The Impact of Social Stratification on Educational Stratification：Empirical Analysis of Social and Economic Statuses of Students at Private Higher Education Institutions in Xi’an City

本文以社会分层对教育分层影响的理论为基础，以西安5所民办高校3624份学生调查问卷数据和其它数据为依据，分析了学生家庭背景对于他们接受高等教育机会和毕业去向意愿的影响。研究直接或间接地发现，家庭职业和教育背景对于子女能否接受高等教育具有正向影响；接受民办高等教育或公立高等教育学生的家长在不同教育程度的分布比例上存在差别；家长的受教育水平对于子女进入民办高校中计划内招生项目、学历之文凭试点项目或自学考试招生项目具有正向作用，家长的职业和经济收入水平对之却有负向作用；家长的受教育水平、职业和经济收入水平对于子女毕业后升学意愿具有正向影响。我国社会分层对于教育分层铲生的多方位影响，在一定程度上反映了我国社会转型过程中社会结构及影响的不确定性，也预示着今后社会分层将会对教育分层产生越来越稳定的影响。这种发展趋势具有深刻的政策含义。

By employing 3624 questionnaires from five private higher education institutions in Xi‘an City， Shanxi Province， this paper analyzes the impact of social stratification on educational stratification. Major findings are as follows：firstly， parents‘ vocational prestige and educational level have positive impact on possibility of children‘ higher education；secondly， parents whose children are in public and private higher education institutions have different educational level and distribution；thirdly， parents‘ educational level has positive impact on quality of children‘s programs in private higher education institutions， but parents‘ vocational type and income have negative impact on quality of children‘s program in private higher education institutions；fourthly， parents’ educational level， vocational type and income have positive impact on children’s willingness for further education after graduation from private higher education institutions. The study has important policy implications.