日本国立大学的法人化：现状与议题

The Incorporate National Universities：Realities and Problems

经过长达三年的争议与论证，87所日本国立大学法人于2004年春开始起歩运作。时至今日，法人化改革已经通过第一年的旅程。2005年夏秋之际，各国立大学法人分别公开了各校的财务状况报表。与此同时，国立大学法人评估委员会也根据各法人提交6年中期发展规划中的第一年度业绩报告书，发表了对各国立大学法人的评估结果。这使我们不仅深刻地体会到法人化改革的现实，同时也逐渐清晰地观察到需要在今后解决的诸多问题。这其中既有意料之中的问题，也有不少出乎我们意料在改革过程中不断呈现出来的新问题。在法人化改革即将跨入第二年度的这一时点，本文旨在对国立大学法人化改革的现状及其所面临的课题展开分析与探讨。

Eighty seven institutions which became “National University Corporations” in April， 2004 have now experienced their first two years. Their financial statement has been announced， and the results of evaluations， which were based on their first year performance reports and carried out by National University Corporations Assessment Committee， have been given out to the public. Not only is it the practical way in which National Universities have turned themselves into independent administrative entities， but also other significant issues have become explicit. Though some of those issues were predicted before incorporation， quite a lot of issues have been newly recognized. These new issues are concerned with how to build new relationships between National University Corporations and the Ministry of Education， Culture， Sports， Science and Technology， and how to build new relationships authority centered on the board of directors and each department within each National University Corporation. This incorporation is the largest reform over the past century in Japan， equal to or greater than the scale of reform of new universities immediately after World War II. The process of “trial and error” in order to build new relationship has just started. This article makes an attempt to examine the actual status of National University Corporations and their problems after their first year.