学费上涨与高等教育机会公平问题分析

Tuition Fees and the Equitable Access to Higher Education in China

1997年，中国普通高校在收费制度上进行“并轨“，开始实行全面收费制度。此后，普通高等教育的学费水平迅速上涨，学费占居民家庭收入的比例大幅度提高。学费的快速上涨有可能对高等教育机会公平性产生负面影响。在考虑收入水平、学费水平、高等教育机会公平之间的关系时，现有的研究较多地侧重于微观层面的分析，而对宏观层面的结构性因素和转型性因素的影响探讨不多。本文试图根据有关中国收入分配以及高等教育制度改革的研究，就结构性和转型性因素与高等教育机会公平性之间的关联进行初歩的探索。

Expanding college enrollment in recent years has alleviated the bottleneck of higher education in China. However， many other problems are emerging such as some students from poor family cannot afford high tuition；some college graduates are difficult to find a good job， and quality of education is deteriorating in some universities. Those problems caused more by the unreformed traditional central planned education system than the expansion of universities. Enrollment rate of the tertiary education is still lower in China compared with many countries in the same stage of development. Paying for children’s higher education is still one of the best investment decisions for the most families. College expansion also provided more opportunities for rural youth. To address affordability of the poor family ， it should reform current equal subsidy system and let students form the poor families get more subsides. Continuous reform is the only way to address all those problems in the higher education.