助学贷款的不同目标 ─ 对贷款的设计、评价及政策可能产生的影响

Alternative Objectives of National Student Loan Schemes：Implications for Design, Evaluation and Policy

本文对世界各地助学贷款的不同目标作了简要的回顾和评论，着重论述了两种不同目标取向的助学贷款之间的差异：第一类助学贷款追求经济目标，如贷款的设立是为了促进高等教育的成本补偿，为紧张的大学财政获取额外财源；第二类助学贷款追求社会目标，如设立贷款的目的是为了增进高等教育入学机会均等，帮助更多贫困家庭的学生上大学。以经济目标为导向的助学贷款一般不含政府补贴，以社会目标为导向的助学贷款可能享受政府的补贴，但需要对贷款对象进行认真仔细的确认。文章最后指出，助学贷款的设计和评价必须考虑到贷款政策的目标。

The paper provides a review of the alternative objectives of student loans schemes round the world. In particular， the paper distinguishes between loans schemes designed to increase coast recovery and generate revenue and those aimed at improving equity and student access to higher education. The first of these objectives is best served by unsubsidized loans and the second by loans that may be subsidized but require careful targeting. Emphasis is given to the need to take account of policy objectives in the design and evaluation of student loans schemes.