按收入比例还款型学生贷款在发展中国家和转型国家的适用性

The Applicability of Income Contingent Loans in Developing and Transitional Countries

随着一些国家提出的将部分高等教育成本从政府转移至学生及其父母身上政策的实施，学生贷款方案的可适用性成为一个重要的问题。按收入比例还款型学生贷款，在理论上是受到人们欢迎的，并应用于澳大利亚、新西兰、瑞典、英国和南非的学生贷款实践。然而，对发展中国家、对那些正在从国家全面控制的经济”转型”为日益私有化的经济的国家来说，按收入比例还款型学生贷款的适用性存在着一些特定的问题。本文详细讨论了这些问题，并提出像澳大利亚的”高等教育贡献计划”这样的学生贷款方案的可适用和不可适用的条件。

As countries promote policies that transfer some of the costs of higher education from governments to parents and students， the creation of workable student loan programs becomes important. One of the popular forms of students loans─especially in theory， but also as practical in Australia， New Zealand， Sweden， the UK， and South Africa─is the income contingent loan. However， there are special problems in the applicability of income contingent loans for developing countries and for countries “in transition” from an entirely state─controlled economy to an economy that is increasingly privatized. This paper detail these problems and suggests conditions under which student loan programs such as Australia’s “Higher Education Scheme” may and may not be workable.