世纪之交的中国教育改革走向：教育与市场的关系问题

The Trend of Education Reform in China on the Turning of the New Century：the Problems of the Relation between Education and the Market

20世纪年代以来，依靠非政府的各种社会力量提供的教育服务逐歩成为教育发展的一个重要方面，反映在教育领域中，市场的自愿交易关系和新的教育消费群体正在形成。中国的公共教育体制正在经受市场的挑战。它迫使学校教育机构这一相对保守的领域直面市场，从而促成一种新的教育资源分配方式和人才培养模式的产生。当前学校领域已经形成了一些不同的市场化运作形式，根据市场介入的程度不同，这种学校市场化运作可分为九种不同的类型。由此中国教育正面临一系列新的问题，这些问题集中地反映了市场介入教育所产生的教育公益性与营利性之间的矛盾。中国教育改革的未来走向及其基本面貌，将取决于如何认识和解决这对矛盾，以及如何建立一种有效的协调和制约机制。

Since the 1990s’， the educational service which is based on all kinds of non─governmental social forces and supported to the society has progressively been an important aspect of educational development， which embodies that the voluntary transaction of the market and the groups of new educational consumers are coming into being in education. The public education system in China has to be challenged from the market， which makes schools which are relatively conservative realms directly face the market， and as a result， a kind of new distribution way of educational resources and training mode has been formed. Now， some different marketized operational patterns have been formed in the present school domains， and which are divided into nine kinds of different types according to different extent to which the market is involved into education. Therefore， Chinese education is facing a series of new problems， which intensively reflects the contradiction between the public─welfare and the profit─oriented nature of education after the market is involved into education. The future route and basic feature of the education reform in China depend o how to realize and solve the contradiction and how to set up a kind of effective mechanism of coordination and restriction.