公平与效率：高等教育决策的依据

Equity and Efficiency：the Bases of Higher Educational Policy Making

公平与效率，是人类社会永恒的理念，但在现实中，则是适时的行动准则。高等教育当前许多重大的改革与发展问题，都应当根据公平与效率的原则作为决策的依据。公平与效率，是两个密切相关的概念，在一定情况下产生的矛盾。需要在两者之间寻求它们的平衡点，进行适度的协调。在经济与社会转型期，对改革与发展问题，一般采取效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。但公平的价值高于效率的价值，效率优先，最终是为达到更高层次的公平。对公平与效率的认识是主观的，但有其相对的客观标准：公平的标准是大多数人的公平，效率的标准是国家的、社会的、个人的长远效益。两者在发展中得到统一。

Equity and efficiency are both the forever ideal of the human society， and are the rule of action at present. Many important problems faced in the reform and development of higher education should be solved according to the principles of equity and efficiency. Equity and efficiency are two correlative ideas， while they become contradiction in certain practices. It is necessary to search for the balance of the two， and harmonize them within measures. In the phase of the economy and society transition， the principle of “efficiency first， give attention to equity” should be adopted. While the value of equity is higher than efficiency， to put efficiency first is to realize the more equity in higher level. The ideas of equity and efficiency are subjective， but the rules are objective. Equity is for most， efficiency lies in the long—term efficiency of a nation， a society and an individual. Equity and efficiency unify in the development.