变革中的教育体制：新世纪德国普通中等教育改革

Education System in Transition：Germany Secondary Education Reform in the 21st Century

进入21世纪以来，德国的中等教育体制在内外部改革压力的协同作用下进入了一个相对密集的改革时期，出台了一系列的改革举措。本文介绍了其中四项重要的改革举措：第一，改革中等教育体制，由多轨制转向两轨制；第二，设立和扩建全日制学校，由半日制学校教育转向全日制学校教育；第三，缩短文科中学学制，由9年制转向8年制；第四，引入国家教育标准，由输入导向的教育管理转向输出导向的教育监控。

In the 21st century， Germany secondary education system has come into a period with relatively intensive reforms. Due to the pressure of combined internal and external influences， Germany has implemented a series of reforms. This paper presents four key reforms: Firstly， changing the traditional school structures， from multi-track structure to two-track structure； Secondly， establishing and developing all-day school instead of half-day school； Thirdly， curtailment of schooling at the gymnasium from nine to eight years； Fourthly， introducing the National Educational Standards， and reforming the education management system from input-oriented education management to output-oriented education monitoring.