学校分层、英才制度与教育公平

Tracking, Meritocracy and Education Equality

本文讨论了学校分层和学生分流制度对于学生学业成就、个性和社会发展的影响与英才制度和社会不平等之间的关系。本文试图说明，学校的主要目的不仅仅是决定结果和挑选学生而应该是扩充机会；学校不仅仅是为未来社会提供劳动力，也应该承担公民教育的责任和义务。一个可持续发展的经济体和民主制度只有当它的所有公民都能有意识地参与其政治、经济、社会和文化生活的时候才能成为现实。

This paper focuses on the effects of tracking system on students’ academic achievement and personal and social development， and explores the complex interaction among tracking， meritocracy， and social inequality. This paper argues that a sustainable democratic and economic system is possible only when all its citizens meaningfully participate in the economic， social， political， and cultural activities in their communities. Therefore， the needs for change in education should not be exclusively cast in economic terms and particularly in relation to the preparation of a workforce. And education also involves a country’s responsibility to cultivate a civil society， and particularly to citizenship education.