当前金融危机下对美国高等教育市场化改革的反思

Reflect on the Market-oriented Reform of US Higher Education in Current Financial Crisis

经济平稳时期谈论美国高等教育，看到的优点和优势多，看到的问题少。我们曾经为美国市场化改革使大学能够较少地依赖政府拨款，主要依靠社会捐赠、高额学费、资产运作和科研收入办学而深感不及。金融危机中美国高等教育系统则表现出不稳定性和脆弱性，此外还暴露出若干不利的长期趋势。加州大学预算的分解研究表明，美国大学的核心教育运行经费仍然主要依赖于国家提供。虽然奥巴马政府的高等教育目标清晰，蛋糕等教育的未来道路仍不明朗。

About higher education in the United States at an economy stable growth period， what we mainly talk are its strengths and advantages， rather than the problems. We used to feel it impossible to make universities dependent on social donations， high tuition fees， asset operation and research funding， instead of government funding. In a time of financial crisis， higher education system in the United States showed some instability and vulnerability， as well as potential trends that are adverse development in the long run. The study on the budget decomposition of California University shows that universities in the United States still mainly rely on government funding. Obama’s higher education goals are clear， but the future of higher education is still uncertain.