美国大学学术自由演绎的文化视角

A Cultural Perspective on the Evolution of Academic Freedom in American Universities

从文化角分析美国大学学术自由的演绎进程，可以看出，就精神文化层面而言，崇尚自由是美国大学学术自由发端的动力；就传统文化层面而言，实用主义是美国大学学术自由的主流价值取向；就组织与制度文化层面而言，专业组织、法规条例以及协商制度是美国大学学术自由的外部保障与规范；就道德文化层而言，学术责任学术道德是美国大学学术自由的内部反省与自律。美国大学学术自由在精神文化中产生，在文化冲突与演绎中不断发展。

Analyzing the evolution process of academic freedom in American universities in a cultural perspective the article concludes that in terms of spiritual culture， advocacy of liberty is the motivity of academic freedom in American universities. In terms of traditional culture， pragmatism is its very important value tropism. In terms of culture of organization and system， professional organizations， rules of law and negotiation form its system. In terms of ethic culture， academic responsibility and ethics arise from its awareness of self-discipline. Academic freedom of American universities comes from spiritual culture and develops continuously in the conflict and evolution of culture.