美国关于流动儿童教育问题的研究与实践

Studies and Practices of the Education of Mobile Students in America

美国学龄人口的流动率较高，美国学者对流动儿童的教育问题也给予了特别的关注。许多研究表明，学龄人口频繁的流动既不利于流动儿童自身的学习，也会对学校甚至学区的教育产生影响。为此，美国通过完善立法、利用网络传递流动学生信息、帮助贫困的流动家庭、加强学校（社区）与流动儿童家庭的联系等措施，力图做到「不让一个孩子掉队」。美国关于流动儿童教育问题的一些研究与实践对我国有一定的借鉴意义。

The mobility rate of school children is very high in American. Research indicates that student mobility， especially when combined with other contributing factors， can have detrimental effects on student achievement， schools， school districts and teachers. In order to mitigate the negative effects of changing schools， some strategies or experiments have been practiced， such as professional development of school staff， identification of families in need of services， newcomer programs to help students become accustomed to a new environment， effective records-transfer policies， supportive attendance and disciplinary policies， outreach to parents and families regarding programs， policies and services offered by the school and community， and so on. These research and practices are useful references to us in lessening the negative effects of student mobility.