儿童2~7岁行为抑制性的发展

The Development of Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children From 2 to 7 Years of Age

采用实验室录像观察对中国儿童的行为抑制性的发展进行了追踪研究(2岁、4岁、7岁)。儿童2岁时，有124名儿童参加了实验室观察。儿童4岁时，由于搬迁、退出或失约，有103名儿童参加。儿童7岁时由于以上原因有100名儿童参加实验室观察。在2岁、4岁、7岁至少参加一次观察的儿童有113名，而在三个时间点都参加观察的儿童有89名。我们对儿童2~7岁行为抑制性整体发展的稳定性以及行为抑制性和非抑制性的发展趋向进行了分析。结果表明，中国儿童从2岁到7岁的行为抑制性的整体发展稳定性较低。从2岁到7岁，行为抑制性-非抑制倾向比较稳定的儿童共28人，占总人数的31.5%。而行为抑制性-非抑制性不稳定的儿童为61人，占总人数的68.5%。随着年龄增长，本研究中的儿童的行为抑制性-非抑制性倾向有向中间型趋中的趋势。从2岁到7岁，行为抑制性的发展变化没有显著性别差异。

Behavioral inhibition is one of the most important dimensions of temperament that has a pervasive and long-term impact on individual personality and social functioning. The present study examined the stability of behavioral inhibition， based on laboratory observations， in a sample of children in China from two to seven years of age.The participants in the initial study included 124 children at two years. Among them， 103 participated in a follow up study at four years， and 100 at seven years. There were 113 children who took part in the laboratory observation at least once at 2， 4 and 7 years， and the complete longitudinal sample consisted of 89 children.The results indicated that the stability of behavioral inhibition of Chinese children from 2 to 7 years was generally weak. From 2 to 7 years， 31.5% (28) of the children were classified as the stable group and 68.5% (61) as the unstable group. With the increase of age from 2 to 7 years， there was a tendency for children in the extremely inhibited and uninhibited groups to change toward the middle group. However， from 2 to 4 years， behavioral inhibition in the extreme groups was more stable than that in the middle group. There was no sex difference in the behavioral inhibition from 2 to 7 years. The results might be related to the influence of the macro-level social and cultural changes in the society.