亲子关系与问题行为的动态相互作用模型：对儿童早期的追踪研究

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Relationships and Problem Behaviors in Early Childhood: Transactional Models

通过对81名幼儿的父母历时两年的三次追踪测查，考察了父子、母子关系与儿童问题行为的动态相互作用模型。结构方程模型的分析结果表明：一方面，相邻两次测查的母子、父子关系、各种问题行为之间的路径系数都非常显著；另一方面，母子关系与退缩、攻击问题的双向作用，父子关系与攻击、违纪问题的双向作用都得到了支持，焦虑问题对父子、母子关系的作用，违纪问题对父子关系的作用也都得到了支持。

The relation between parent-child relationships and children’s problem behaviors is complex， with some evidence supporting the influences of parent-child relationships on problem behaviors， and other evidence supporting problem behaviors as an influence on parent-child relationships. While decades of research examined single-directional influences， transactional model， which emphasizes reciprocal influences between children and their surrounding environment， has gradually dominated developmental psychopathology in recent years. However， most transactional analyses of the relations between parent-child relationships and children’s problem behaviors have predominately focused on middle childhood and adolescence， and little attention has been devoted to early childhood. The aim of the present research was to examine the transactional models of parent-child relationships and children’s problem behaviors in their early childhood.Based on a two-year and three-wave longitudinal study on a sample of 81 preschoolers and their parents， the present research examined the relations of children’s relationships with fathers and mothers to their problem behaviors by using Parent-Child Relationship Scale and Child Behavior Checklist/2~3. Structural equation modeling was applied to investigate the transactional models of parent-child relationships and problem behaviors.The results showed a moderate continuity of mother-child relationships， father-child relationships， and child withdrawal， anxiety， aggression， and delinquency behaviors across the three waves， βs=0.31~0.69， ps